![]() ![]() As of 2015, immigrants made up almost 5% of Argentina's population, the largest share in South America. Regional migration increased, however, supplying low-skilled workers escaping economic and political instability in their home countries. The inflow rebounded temporarily following WWII and resumed its decline in the 1950s when Argentina's military dictators tightened immigration rules and European economies rebounded. European immigration also began to wane in the 1930s because of the global depression. More than 7 million European immigrants are estimated to have arrived in Argentina between 18, when it adopted a more restrictive immigration policy. ![]() Both of these issues vary widely by region and socioeconomic group.Īrgentina has been primarily a country of immigration for most of its history, welcoming European immigrants (often providing needed low-skilled labor) after its independence in the 19th century and attracting especially large numbers from Spain and Italy. Although literacy and primary school enrollment are nearly universal, grade repetition is problematic and secondary school completion is low. If this large working-age population is well-educated and gainfully employed, Argentina is likely to experience an economic boost and possibly higher per capita savings and investment. While the population under age 15 is shrinking, the youth cohort - ages 15-24 - is the largest in Argentina's history and will continue to bolster the working-age population. Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor. Argentina's fertility decline began earlier than in the rest of Latin America, occurring most rapidly between the early 20th century and the 1950s, and then becoming more gradual. Presidential elections will take place next in 2023.Īrgentina's population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate. Argentina underwent a brief period of economic reform and international reintegration under Mauricio MACRI (2015-19), but a recession in 2018-19 and frustration with MACRI’s economic policies ushered in a new Peronist government in 2019 led by President Alberto FERNANDEZ and Vice President FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER. The years 2003-15 saw Peronist rule by Nestor KIRCHNER (2003-07) and his spouse Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (2007-15), who oversaw several years of strong economic growth (2003-11) followed by a gradual deterioration in the government’s fiscal situation and eventual economic stagnation and isolation. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political unrest and conflict between civilian and military factions.Īfter World War II, an era of populism under former President Juan Domingo PERON - the founder of the Peronist political movement - and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. In 1816, the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain.
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